THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION PROCESS OF CHILDREN WITH OBESITY AND OVERWEIGHT

Abstract

The article examines the relevance of the problem of obesity and overweight in children, as well as their impact on physical and psycho-emotional development. The main factors contributing to childhood obesity, the peculiarities of its course in different age groups, and typical associated disorders are highlighted, including postural changes, trunk muscle weakness, and reduced endurance. The role of physical activity as a key component of a comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation process is outlined. Modern studies and scientific works on the effectiveness of various physical therapy approaches are analyzed, in particular high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) programs. It is established that a transdisciplinary approach, including collaboration among a pediatrician, speech therapist, occupational therapist, dietitian, and physical therapist, ensures comprehensive support for the child and family, and contributes to improved physical condition. Special attention is paid to play-based and interactive exercise models that increase motivation and ensure regular participation in physical activity.