PERSONALIZED APPROACHES IN PHYSICAL THERAPY AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA: EXPERIENCE AND OUTCOMES

Abstract

Dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, is a growing public health concern worldwide due to the aging population and the lack of curative treatments. The purpose of this study was to analyze existing approaches to the rehabilitation of elderly patients with dementia, evaluating the effectiveness of personalized physical therapy and occupational therapy programs.

A total of 20 participants aged 60–86 years (mean age 72.75 ± 7.1) diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease were involved in the study. Individual rehabilitation assessments included mobility and self-care tests (6-Minute Walk Test, Barthel Index), fall risk evaluations (Timed Up and Go Test, Four-Stage Balance Test), and assessments of strength and functional performance (5 Times Sit-to-Stand Test). Personalized rehabilitation programs were developed based on these assessments, incorporating physical exercises, occupational therapy activities, and family involvement to ensure safety and adherence.

Following the rehabilitation program, improvements were observed in patients’ mobility, functional independence, and risk of falls. The 6-Minute Walk Test showed a mean distance increase from 238.1 ± 111.3 m to 264.4 ± 126.6 m. Barthel Index scores improved significantly from 46.75 ± 25.71 to 57.5 ± 26.13 (p < 0.001). Timed Up and Go and balance tests demonstrated reduced fall risk, while the 5 Times Sit-to-Stand Test reflected enhanced lower limb strength and functional capacity. The study highlights the importance of integrating personalized physical therapy and occupational therapy programs to enhance both cognitive and functional outcomes in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease.

The implementation of structured, individualized rehabilitation programs combining physical and occupational therapy positively affects mobility, independence in daily activities, fall risk, and overall psycho-emotional well-being in elderly patients with dementia. Family involvement is a crucial component of rehabilitation success. Future research should focus on optimizing program duration, intensity, and long-term effects on patients’ quality of life.